منابع مشابه
SHORT COMMUNICATION Heterogeneous zooplankton distribution in a ship’s ballast tanks
ships’ ballast water has apparently enabled numerous species to expand their ranges to environments in which they did not evolve (Carlton 1998; Cohen and Carlton, 1998; Ruiz et al., 2000). In normal trading operations, ships load seawater ballast in one port, then discard it at another in exchange for cargo. Modern international voyages span just a few days or weeks, affording entrained organis...
متن کاملStratification of living organisms in ballast tanks: how do organism concentrations vary as ballast water is discharged?
Vertical migrations of living organisms and settling of particle-attached organisms lead to uneven distributions of biota at different depths in the water column. In ballast tanks, heterogeneity could lead to different population estimates depending on the portion of the discharge sampled. For example, concentrations of organisms exceeding a discharge standard may not be detected if sampling oc...
متن کاملOptimizing methods to estimate zooplankton concentration based on generalized patterns of patchiness inside ballast tanks and ballast water discharges
Zooplankton populations are spatially heterogeneous in nature and inside ship ballast tanks. Sampling methods should take heterogeneity into account, particularly when estimating quantitative variables such as abundance or concentration. It is particularly important to generate unbiased estimates of zooplankton concentration in ballast water when assessing compliance with new international ball...
متن کاملAn Accurate Model for Seaworthy Container Vessel Stowage Planning with Ballast Tanks
Seaworthy container vessel stowage plans generated under realistic assumptions are a key factor for stowage decision support systems in the shipping industry. We propose a linear model with ballast tanks for generating master plans, the first phase of a 2-phase stowage optimization approach, that includes the main stability and stress moments calculations. Our approach linearizes the center of ...
متن کاملConcentrated sodium chloride brine solutions as an additional treatment for preventing the introduction of nonindigenous species in the ballast tanks of ships declaring no ballast on board.
Currently, seawater flushing is the only management strategy for reducing the number of viable organisms in residual sediments and water of ballast tanks of vessels declaring no ballast on board (NOBOB) that traffic ports of the eastern United States. Previously, we identified several species of freshwater and brackish-water peracarid crustaceans able to survive the osmotic shock that occurs du...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Ocean Engineering
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0029-8018
DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.07.022